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"At least sixty studies have now been published showing the effectiveness of this technique in enhancing retention" Please click on any article image below to view a full screen abstract Above: "A mnemonic Method for Learning a Second-Language Vocabulary": Journal of Educational Psychology, 1975 Author(s): Raugh, M.; Atkinson, R. Highlights: keyword method produced results of 88% vs. 28% (vs. learning by context, etc.) for acquiring Spanish vocabulary   Above: "Arab children's use of the keyword method to learn English vocabulary words": Educational Research, vol. 36, 1994 Author(s): Mohamed-Wafaie A. Elhelou Highlights: students using keyword approach recalled significantly more vocabulary than without Above: "An application of the Keyword Method to the Acquisition of English Vocabulary by Chinese Learners ": Sino-US Foreign Language, vol. 3, 2005 Author(s): Zhang, L Highlights: the paper highly recommends the use of the Keyword Method Above: "Exploring New Applications of the Keyword Method to Acquire English Vocabulary": Language Learning Research Club, 1995 Author(s): Avila, E.; Sadoski, M. Highlights: the results showed that the Keyword Method produced superior recall and comprehension both immediately and after 1 week. Above: "Teaching a Large Russian Language Vocabulary by the Mnemonic Keyword Method": Office of Naval Research, Psychological Sciences Division, 1975 Author(s): Raugh, M.; Atkinson, R. Highlights: on the first comprehensive test, the group using the Keyword Method recalled 72% of the vocabulary vs. 46% for those using traditional rote repetition Above: "Mnemonic Vocabulary Instruction: Additional Effectiveness Evidence": Contemporary Educational Psychology, vol. 17 1992 Author(s): Levin, J., others Highlights: experiments with more than 400 students learning vocabulary showed that those that used Keyword strategies outperformed those who used sentence-context or free-study methods Above: "Teaching Abstract Vocabulary with tthe Keyword Method" [ to Learning Disabled ] Author(s): Mastropieri, M.; Scruggs, T. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1990 Highlights: results showed that Keyword trained students with learning disabilities outperformed those learning via traditional methods for both abstract and concrete words, recall as well as comprehension Above: "The Effectiveness of the Keyword Method for Receptive and Productive Foreign Vocabulary Learning in the Elderly" Author(s): Gruneberg, M.M; Paskoe, K. Contemporary Educational Psychology, vol. 21, 1996 Highlights: results showed that Keyword Method significantly enhances the recall of Spanish vocabulary in the elderly as compared to traditional methods of learning Above: "Retention of Foreign Vocabulary Learned Using the Keyword Method: a 10-Year Follow-Up" Author(s): Beaton, A.; Gruneberg, M.M Second Language Research, vol. 11, 1995 Highlights: results for an individual who learned using the Keyword Method 10 years prior showed a recall of 35% with no review (50% if you include slight misspellings), and after 10 minutes of review scored roughly 70% correct Above: "The Effect of the Integrated Keyword Method on Vocabulary Retention and Motivation" Author(s): Hauptman, J. 216 page thesis submitted for Dr. of Education, University of Leicester, 2004 Highlights: extensive results found that the Keyword Method enhances vocabulary retention to a great extent compared with comparison groups, and that it has a beneficial effect on the motivation of the learners. Above: "Use of a Mnemonic Technique to Teach Young Children Foreign Language Vocabulary" Author(s): Pressley, M.; and others. Contemporary Educational Psychology, vol. 6, 1981 Highlights: children 3 to 6 years of age using the Keyword Method to learn simple Spanish vocabulary retained more than those not using the Keyword Method Above: "The Use of Linkword Language Computer Courses in a Classroom Situation: a Case Study at Rugby School" Author(s): Gruneberg, M.M.; Sommer, S.. Language Learning Journal, 2002 Highlights:The present findings appear to indicate considerable motivational and performance advantages in complementing standard classroom courses with the Linkword [Keyword] approach. "At least sixty studies have now been published showing the effectiveness of this technique in enhancing retention"