| How do you remember the
Spanish word for cow? Elaine Johnson watches pupils learn
languages by the use of bizarre images
I can still recall a lecture on memory that I attended at
Swansea University in which psychologist Professor Michael
Gruneberg explained how mnemonics could be used to teach
languages. That was nearly 20 years ago.
So I welcomed the opportunity to try out his Linkword
technique, which was originally developed for adults, in
school.
At Hove Park Language College, Brighton and Hove, head of
languages Charmian Hartley felt the CD-Rom format would help
promote ICT for modern languages in the school. We sampled the
Spanish and German courses.
Linkword is based entirely on CD-Roms for each chosen
language, without other materials, and uses mental images to
link an English word to another English word that sounds like
the corresponding foreign word. The Spanish word for cow is
vaca. The learner is asked to picture a cow with a vacuum
cleaner cleaning a field. The German word for tie is schlips
and learners are asked to image a man slipping and getting
caught up in his tie.
The CD-Rom is divided into 10 sections which include
animals, home, colours, clothes, shopping, food, drink, and
travel. At Hove Park, we used the Spanish Linkword CD-Rom
Level 1 to teach the topic "animals" to a Year 7 mixed-ability
class. The German Linkword (Section 5 "In the restaurant") was
trialled with a Year 10 group. These are keen classes,
although Gruneberg says the method is particularly suitable
for weaker and reluctant learners.
Our intention was for pupils to learn new words and
reinforce gender and adjectival agreements. Sarah Godsall,
French and Spanish teacher, says that before the lesson she
felt the resource would be too complicated for her group.
Afterwards she changed her mind: "Just because it isn't in the
course book does not mean the pupils cannot cope with it. The
CD-Rom pushed them on by using more extensive vocabulary,
tackling many new things we had not covered in Spanish.
Brighter children learned to write sentences in Spanish using
the verb estar and practised accents, gender and adjectival
agreements. They made reference to French to think about word
patterns."
During the plenary at the end of the lesson, Sarah and I
checked pupils' learning against the objectives and listened
to their opinions about Linkword. Year 7 wanted pictures to be
added to the Spanish CD-Rom and suggested the foreign and
English words be written in different colours to avoid
confusion. Pupils were also keen for a mark out of 10 to be
given at the end of each section. We all agreed the CD-Rom
should have a rewind as well as a forward button.
Learning support assistant Saminara Malik says her
statemented pupil was much more motivated than usual but the
resource needed to be supplemented with mime and visuals to
support special needs and English as an additional language.
The mnemonic images were too hard for younger children to
imagine and we had to explain some of the English words. The
Spanish for dog is perro. The learner is asked to imagine a
dog pirouetting, but many Year 7 pupils did understand what
pirouette meant.
The children did not have headphones to hear the correct
pronunciation of the words, but they overcame this by using
the English word spelt phonetically in brackets. For example,
pig puerco (poo erko).
Sue Brigliadori, deputy head of languages, was impressed
with Linkword, noting that her Year 10 German group was very
motivated with a longer concentration span than usual.
Here are some examples for German words:
* The gender of plate, der Teller, is masculine. Imagine a
boxer smashing a plate over his opponent.
* The gender of fork, die Gabel, is feminine. Imagine a
little girl poking you with a fork.
* The gender of knife, das Messer, is neuter. Imagine
poking a fire with a knife.
Year 10's reaction was mixed. One boy said: "It is
difficult to remember words as well as mental images. At first
you don't think it's helping you but subconsciously it is."
Another pupil said it was easy to remember the male image
of a boxer with masculine nouns and the image of a girl with
feminine nouns but it was harder to remember the image of fire
with neuter words.
Most of the Year 10 German class used headphones and said
this made it more interesting. They unanimously agreed that
Linkword is suitable for teenagers. High praise indeed
considering many language courses do not match adolescents'
age and interests. Linkword definitely boosted pupil
self-esteem. Older pupils enjoyed working independently. "You
are able to work at your own pace, nobody knows if you get it
wrong," one said. Both classes were engaged and motivated
throughout the lesson, even though this was the last week of
term before Christmas.
The real test will be whether the pupils' long-term memory
improves and they can form correct sentences. Michael
Gruneberg stresses Linkword is only effective if learners are
tested immediately and, on a full course, are tested again two
days later. Early this term we are also going to retest the
children on their learning during our trial. We plan to buy
Linkword Level 2 French for Sarah's disaffected Year 9 French
class.
Elaine Johnson is a former head of languages and is MFL
consultant for Brighton and Hove
Linkword Spanish (European) and German level 1 CD-Roms
£24.95 each.
Also available in Spanish (South American), French,
Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, Hebrew, Greek, Russian, Welsh, and
Japanese.Linkword Languages, 54
www.unforgettablelanguages.com/
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